THE HISTORY OF MINDANAo
Mindanao From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 8°00′N 125°00′E
Mindanao
Mindanao is shown in color red; its associated islands in maroon. Mindanao (Philippines) Geography Location Southeast Asia Archipelago Philippines Total islands 7,107 Major islands Mindanao, Sulu Area 104,530 km2 (40,360 sq mi) Area rank 19th Highest elevation 3,410 m (11,190 ft) Highest point Mount Apo Country Philippines Regions Caraga, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula, Davao Region, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), SOCCSKSARGEN Provinces Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Saranggani, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay Largest city Davao City (pop. 1,449,296) Demographics Population 21,968,174 (as of 2010) Density 210.2 /km2 (544.4 /sq mi) Ethnic groups Bajao, Visayan, Subanon, Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Karay-a, Butuanon, Surigaonon, Sangirese, Lumad Kamayo, Manobo, Tasaday, T'boli, Moro, Maguindanao, Maranao, Latino Zamboangueño Mindanao (/mɪndəˈnaʊ/ min-də-NOW) (Tagalog: Kamindanawan) is the second largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country (the other two being Luzon and the Visayas), consisting of the island of Mindanao and smaller surrounding islands. Davao City is the largest city in Mindanao. Of the island's population of 21,968,174 (according to the 2010 census) 10 percent is Muslim.[1]
Mindanao is the only geographical area of the Philippines with a significantly large Muslim presence. The southernmost part of Mindanao, particularly Maguindanao Province, Lanao del Sur, Sulu, and Tawi-tawi provinces (part of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)), are home to a sizeable Muslim population. Due to widespread poverty and religious differences, the island has seen a communist insurgency as well as armed Moro separatist movements.
Mindanao, about the same area as South Korea, is considered the agricultural basin of the Philippines. Eight of the top 10 agri-commodities exported from the Philippines come from here.[1]
Mindanao
Mindanao is shown in color red; its associated islands in maroon. Mindanao (Philippines) Geography Location Southeast Asia Archipelago Philippines Total islands 7,107 Major islands Mindanao, Sulu Area 104,530 km2 (40,360 sq mi) Area rank 19th Highest elevation 3,410 m (11,190 ft) Highest point Mount Apo Country Philippines Regions Caraga, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula, Davao Region, Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), SOCCSKSARGEN Provinces Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Compostela Valley, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Saranggani, Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay Largest city Davao City (pop. 1,449,296) Demographics Population 21,968,174 (as of 2010) Density 210.2 /km2 (544.4 /sq mi) Ethnic groups Bajao, Visayan, Subanon, Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Karay-a, Butuanon, Surigaonon, Sangirese, Lumad Kamayo, Manobo, Tasaday, T'boli, Moro, Maguindanao, Maranao, Latino Zamboangueño Mindanao (/mɪndəˈnaʊ/ min-də-NOW) (Tagalog: Kamindanawan) is the second largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country (the other two being Luzon and the Visayas), consisting of the island of Mindanao and smaller surrounding islands. Davao City is the largest city in Mindanao. Of the island's population of 21,968,174 (according to the 2010 census) 10 percent is Muslim.[1]
Mindanao is the only geographical area of the Philippines with a significantly large Muslim presence. The southernmost part of Mindanao, particularly Maguindanao Province, Lanao del Sur, Sulu, and Tawi-tawi provinces (part of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)), are home to a sizeable Muslim population. Due to widespread poverty and religious differences, the island has seen a communist insurgency as well as armed Moro separatist movements.
Mindanao, about the same area as South Korea, is considered the agricultural basin of the Philippines. Eight of the top 10 agri-commodities exported from the Philippines come from here.[1]
Mindanao is named after the Maguindanaons who constituted the largest Sultanate historically, and evidence from maps made during the 17th and 18th centuries suggests that the name was used to refer to the island by the powerful natives at the time. Evidence of human occupation dates back tens of thousands of years. In prehistoric times the Negrito people arrived. Sometime around 1500 BC Austronesian peoples spread throughout the Philippines and far beyond. Native people of the Maluku Islands refer the island as Maluku Besar (Great Moluccas).
Mindanao Island is also a sacred home of Raja Bantogen the Meranaw largest non-Muslim and Subanon Tribe; the aborigine of the Zamboanga Peninsula’s Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Island of Basilan, and northern provinces of Misamis Occidental, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Oriental.
Subanon is believed to have established in Mindanao Island during the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age where the period in the development of human technology taken place beginning 10,000 BC according to the ASPRO chronology (between 4,500 and 2,000 BC).[2] The evidence of old stone tools in Zamboanga del Norte may indicate a late Neolithic presence. Burial jars, both earthen and glazed, as well as Chinese celadons, have been found in caves, together with shell bracelets, beads, and gold ornaments. Many of the ceramic wares are from the Yuan and Ming periods. Evidently, there was a long history of trade between the Subanon and the Chinese long before the latter’s contact with Islam.
Islam first spread to the region during the 13th century through Arab traders from present-day Malaysia and Indonesia. Prior to this contact, the inhabitants of the area were primarily animists living in small autonomous communities.[3] Most of the indigenous population of Tausug, Maranao and Maguindanaon are quickly converted into Islam except the elusive Subanon, Talaandig, Higaonon and some other small tribes who resisted and avoided contact with the Arabian Islamic missionaries.
The first mosque in the Philippines was built in the mid 14th century in the town of Simunul.[3] The Philippine sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao were subsequently in the 15th and 16th centuries, respectively. In the late 16th to early 17th centuries, the first contact with Spain occurred. By this time, Islam was well established in Mindanao and had started influencing groups on big islands of Visayas like Cebu and as far north as Bohol and present-day Manila on the island of Luzon.[3]
Upon the Spaniards' arrival to the Philippines, they were dismayed to find such a strong Muslim presence on the island, having just expelled the Moors from Spain after centuries of fighting under the Reconquista. In fact, the name Moros (the Spanish word for "Moors") was given to the Muslim inhabitants by the Spanish.[3] Caesarea Caroli was the name given by Villalobos to the island of Mindanao when he reached the sea near it. This was named after the Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (and I of Spain).
The region is home to most of the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, Maguindanaon the Banguingui (users of the vinta), as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Moro and Lumads controlled an area which now covers 17 of Mindanao’s 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu. Heavy migration to Mindanao of Luzon and Visayans, spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the indigenous Lumads and Moros into minorities.[4]
for more information, just visit : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao
Mindanao Island is also a sacred home of Raja Bantogen the Meranaw largest non-Muslim and Subanon Tribe; the aborigine of the Zamboanga Peninsula’s Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Island of Basilan, and northern provinces of Misamis Occidental, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Oriental.
Subanon is believed to have established in Mindanao Island during the Neolithic Era, or New Stone Age where the period in the development of human technology taken place beginning 10,000 BC according to the ASPRO chronology (between 4,500 and 2,000 BC).[2] The evidence of old stone tools in Zamboanga del Norte may indicate a late Neolithic presence. Burial jars, both earthen and glazed, as well as Chinese celadons, have been found in caves, together with shell bracelets, beads, and gold ornaments. Many of the ceramic wares are from the Yuan and Ming periods. Evidently, there was a long history of trade between the Subanon and the Chinese long before the latter’s contact with Islam.
Islam first spread to the region during the 13th century through Arab traders from present-day Malaysia and Indonesia. Prior to this contact, the inhabitants of the area were primarily animists living in small autonomous communities.[3] Most of the indigenous population of Tausug, Maranao and Maguindanaon are quickly converted into Islam except the elusive Subanon, Talaandig, Higaonon and some other small tribes who resisted and avoided contact with the Arabian Islamic missionaries.
The first mosque in the Philippines was built in the mid 14th century in the town of Simunul.[3] The Philippine sultanates of Sulu and Maguindanao were subsequently in the 15th and 16th centuries, respectively. In the late 16th to early 17th centuries, the first contact with Spain occurred. By this time, Islam was well established in Mindanao and had started influencing groups on big islands of Visayas like Cebu and as far north as Bohol and present-day Manila on the island of Luzon.[3]
Upon the Spaniards' arrival to the Philippines, they were dismayed to find such a strong Muslim presence on the island, having just expelled the Moors from Spain after centuries of fighting under the Reconquista. In fact, the name Moros (the Spanish word for "Moors") was given to the Muslim inhabitants by the Spanish.[3] Caesarea Caroli was the name given by Villalobos to the island of Mindanao when he reached the sea near it. This was named after the Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (and I of Spain).
The region is home to most of the country's Muslim or Moro populations, composed of many ethnic groups such as the Maranao and the Tausug, Maguindanaon the Banguingui (users of the vinta), as well as the collective group of indigenous tribes known as the Lumad.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Moro and Lumads controlled an area which now covers 17 of Mindanao’s 24 provinces, but by the 1980 census, they constituted less than 6% of the population of Mindanao and Sulu. Heavy migration to Mindanao of Luzon and Visayans, spurred by government-sponsored resettlement programmes, turned the indigenous Lumads and Moros into minorities.[4]
for more information, just visit : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao
In the middle of the 14th cent. Islam spread from Malaya and Borneo to the Sulu Archipelago, and from there to Mindanao. The arrival of the Spanish in the late 16th cent. united the various Muslim groups in a war against the conquerors that lasted some 300 years. The Moros likewise resisted American domination; fighting between U.S. garrisons and Muslim groups occurred early in the 20th cent.
Although many of the Philippine Islands suffered extensive damage in World War II, Mindanao emerged relatively unscathed. As the chief frontier left in the difficult reconstruction years, it was the object of government colonization projects. During the 1960s it experienced a phenomenal population increase and very rapid development. These changes brought serious problems. The native Moros, finding themselves outnumbered and in many cases pushed off their lands, retaliated with terrorist activities. When the Philippine army attempted to restore order, fierce fighting often resulted. In 1969 and the early 1970s several thousand people were killed and hundreds of villages were burned.
In 1971 anthropologists reported the discovery of the Tasaday, whom they portrayed as a Stone Age people inhabiting caves in Mindanao's rain forest and threatened by the encroachment of lumbering, mining, and ranching interests. By the mid-1980s, when evidence had emerged indicating that the Tasaday were perhaps a division of a neighboring, comparatively sophisticated people, there arose a suspicion that the Tasaday phenomenon was a hoax, possibly instigated by the Marcos government.
In 1976 the Philippine government pledged to grant autonomy to several provinces in Mindanao. It was not until 1990, following a plebiscite boycotted by many Muslims and dominated by Christian majorities in a number of provinces, that the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (now consisting of the Mindanao provinces of Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur and the Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, and Basilan provinces in the Sulu Archipelago) was granted partial autonomy. Muslim discontent with partial rule persisted, and unrest and violence continued through 1990s. A 1996 agreement led to peace with one group of rebels and the expansion of the autonomous region in 2001. Negotiations continued with another Moro group, but they and fundamentalist Islamic guerrillas have continued fighting and terror attacks. An agreement reached (Nov., 2007) in principle with the second Moro group collapsed after it was challenged in court (and subsequently declared unconstitutional). Significant fighting broke out beginning in Aug., 2008, between government forces and some Moro rebels. Government military operations continued until mid-2009. Peace talks resumed late in 2009, but subsequently there were occasional outbreaks of fighting. In 2012 the government and the second Moro group signed a framework peace agreement that would create a new autonomous region superseding the current one, but that accord prompted a splinter group of the rebels who had signed the 1996 agreement to launch attacks in Sept., 2013.
Read more: Mindanao: History | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/mindanao-history.html#ixzz2tSeLneys
Although many of the Philippine Islands suffered extensive damage in World War II, Mindanao emerged relatively unscathed. As the chief frontier left in the difficult reconstruction years, it was the object of government colonization projects. During the 1960s it experienced a phenomenal population increase and very rapid development. These changes brought serious problems. The native Moros, finding themselves outnumbered and in many cases pushed off their lands, retaliated with terrorist activities. When the Philippine army attempted to restore order, fierce fighting often resulted. In 1969 and the early 1970s several thousand people were killed and hundreds of villages were burned.
In 1971 anthropologists reported the discovery of the Tasaday, whom they portrayed as a Stone Age people inhabiting caves in Mindanao's rain forest and threatened by the encroachment of lumbering, mining, and ranching interests. By the mid-1980s, when evidence had emerged indicating that the Tasaday were perhaps a division of a neighboring, comparatively sophisticated people, there arose a suspicion that the Tasaday phenomenon was a hoax, possibly instigated by the Marcos government.
In 1976 the Philippine government pledged to grant autonomy to several provinces in Mindanao. It was not until 1990, following a plebiscite boycotted by many Muslims and dominated by Christian majorities in a number of provinces, that the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (now consisting of the Mindanao provinces of Maguindanao and Lanao del Sur and the Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, and Basilan provinces in the Sulu Archipelago) was granted partial autonomy. Muslim discontent with partial rule persisted, and unrest and violence continued through 1990s. A 1996 agreement led to peace with one group of rebels and the expansion of the autonomous region in 2001. Negotiations continued with another Moro group, but they and fundamentalist Islamic guerrillas have continued fighting and terror attacks. An agreement reached (Nov., 2007) in principle with the second Moro group collapsed after it was challenged in court (and subsequently declared unconstitutional). Significant fighting broke out beginning in Aug., 2008, between government forces and some Moro rebels. Government military operations continued until mid-2009. Peace talks resumed late in 2009, but subsequently there were occasional outbreaks of fighting. In 2012 the government and the second Moro group signed a framework peace agreement that would create a new autonomous region superseding the current one, but that accord prompted a splinter group of the rebels who had signed the 1996 agreement to launch attacks in Sept., 2013.
Read more: Mindanao: History | Infoplease.com http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/mindanao-history.html#ixzz2tSeLneys
The history of Mindanao 8 May 2013 The history of the Philippines has great potential of becoming a really interesting and thrilling movie one day. It will be a colourful tale, with both beautiful surroundings and dramatic events. This is especially true for the southern parts of the country. In this post we want to give you a quick journey through the history of Mindanao, the whereabouts of the Land of Promise campaign.
Country of many cultures
We have already told you about the indigenous tribes in Mindanao, who are living, and have been living, in Mindanao long before any settlers arrived. Then the general history says that around 600 years ago the first Muslims in the Philippines arrived in Simunul, and introduced the Islam to the country. These Muslims sailed from Malaya and Borneo to the Sulu Archipelago and from there to Mindanao. In 1380, the Arab trader Makhdum Karim built the first mosque – now known as the Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque. The original four wood columns of the mosque still stand inside and are repainted every year!
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century the Spanish colonists occupied the Philippines, with varying success. They came to the islands for trade purposes and to ‘Christianize the natives’, but by the time the Spanish arrived the Muslims of Mindanao had already established their own states and governments in Sulu-Tawi-Tawi archipelago and the islands of Basilan and Palawan. These inhabitants of Mindanao had also established diplomatic- and trade relations with other countries – including China –, and they vigorously resisted the Spaniards political and religious systems.
For centuries the Spanish attempted to conquer the Muslim states (that they ambitiously called Moros, after the Moors they defeated in Spain) to add the southern islands of the Philippines to the Spanish colonies. But they never succeeded. Even the USA were met with armed resistance, especially from the Moros in the south, by the time they conquered the Philippinesfrom the Spanish in 1898.
By the nineteenth century the Moros saw themselves as a separate nation – a Bangsamoro – separate and distinct from the Spaniards and Christian ‘Indios’. Christian ‘Indios’ had also begun to see themselves as Filipinos. And while a sense of Filipino nationhood grew under the American rule, Muslim leaders kept resisting the attempts to put them under Filipino Government. For five centuries now, a bitter struggle for independence is fought by various Muslim groups. The Spanish, Americans, and even Japanese as well as Philippine Government forces all tried to quell the desire for separation from the largely Christian nation.
Conflict and peace process
During World War II many of the Philippine Islands suffered extensive damage. Yet, Mindanao emerged relatively unscathed. Then in the 1960s Mindanao experienced a phenomenal population increase and very rapid development, through government-sponsored resettlement programmes. These changes brought great problems to the island. The native Moros found themselves outnumbered and in many cases pushed off their lands. They started to fight for their ancestral land, which the government has started to distribute to the new migrants. When the Philippine army attempted to restore order, fierce fighting often resulted. In 1969 and the early 1970s thousands of people were killed and hundreds of villages were burned. Several separatist movements was then formed, among them The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), who demanded the establishment of an independent Islamic state.
The government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front have conducted on-off peace negotiations since 1997. While the peace talks have not yet fully resolved the conflict, they have slowly but significantly de-escalated the intensity of the fighting as the parties in the talks try to address the root causes of the problem. The current peace talks seek to finally bring peace to Mindanao by convincing the MILF and government that grievances can be resolved peacefully without violence.
If the history of Mindanao would be made into a movie, and if that movie has it’s ending in, let’s say, 2015, then we wish the movie will have a brilliant and happy ending. All the different ethnic groups of Mindanao will live happily side by side, have their rights fulfilled and feel the same responsibility for the island they share. The ending scene would be of the Philippine eagle, sweeping over the tree tops in the glorious and promising sunrise!
for more informnation , jsut visit : http://landofpromise.fairfood.org/the-history-of-mindanao/
Country of many cultures
We have already told you about the indigenous tribes in Mindanao, who are living, and have been living, in Mindanao long before any settlers arrived. Then the general history says that around 600 years ago the first Muslims in the Philippines arrived in Simunul, and introduced the Islam to the country. These Muslims sailed from Malaya and Borneo to the Sulu Archipelago and from there to Mindanao. In 1380, the Arab trader Makhdum Karim built the first mosque – now known as the Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque. The original four wood columns of the mosque still stand inside and are repainted every year!
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth century the Spanish colonists occupied the Philippines, with varying success. They came to the islands for trade purposes and to ‘Christianize the natives’, but by the time the Spanish arrived the Muslims of Mindanao had already established their own states and governments in Sulu-Tawi-Tawi archipelago and the islands of Basilan and Palawan. These inhabitants of Mindanao had also established diplomatic- and trade relations with other countries – including China –, and they vigorously resisted the Spaniards political and religious systems.
For centuries the Spanish attempted to conquer the Muslim states (that they ambitiously called Moros, after the Moors they defeated in Spain) to add the southern islands of the Philippines to the Spanish colonies. But they never succeeded. Even the USA were met with armed resistance, especially from the Moros in the south, by the time they conquered the Philippinesfrom the Spanish in 1898.
By the nineteenth century the Moros saw themselves as a separate nation – a Bangsamoro – separate and distinct from the Spaniards and Christian ‘Indios’. Christian ‘Indios’ had also begun to see themselves as Filipinos. And while a sense of Filipino nationhood grew under the American rule, Muslim leaders kept resisting the attempts to put them under Filipino Government. For five centuries now, a bitter struggle for independence is fought by various Muslim groups. The Spanish, Americans, and even Japanese as well as Philippine Government forces all tried to quell the desire for separation from the largely Christian nation.
Conflict and peace process
During World War II many of the Philippine Islands suffered extensive damage. Yet, Mindanao emerged relatively unscathed. Then in the 1960s Mindanao experienced a phenomenal population increase and very rapid development, through government-sponsored resettlement programmes. These changes brought great problems to the island. The native Moros found themselves outnumbered and in many cases pushed off their lands. They started to fight for their ancestral land, which the government has started to distribute to the new migrants. When the Philippine army attempted to restore order, fierce fighting often resulted. In 1969 and the early 1970s thousands of people were killed and hundreds of villages were burned. Several separatist movements was then formed, among them The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), who demanded the establishment of an independent Islamic state.
The government of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front have conducted on-off peace negotiations since 1997. While the peace talks have not yet fully resolved the conflict, they have slowly but significantly de-escalated the intensity of the fighting as the parties in the talks try to address the root causes of the problem. The current peace talks seek to finally bring peace to Mindanao by convincing the MILF and government that grievances can be resolved peacefully without violence.
If the history of Mindanao would be made into a movie, and if that movie has it’s ending in, let’s say, 2015, then we wish the movie will have a brilliant and happy ending. All the different ethnic groups of Mindanao will live happily side by side, have their rights fulfilled and feel the same responsibility for the island they share. The ending scene would be of the Philippine eagle, sweeping over the tree tops in the glorious and promising sunrise!
for more informnation , jsut visit : http://landofpromise.fairfood.org/the-history-of-mindanao/